Marketing Essay Example

Marketing Essay Assignment 01.Instructor: Miss Nida Aslam khanPrinciples of Marketing Syed Aun Rizvi Mohammed ShehmirMaaz Shahid| The Pakistani brand we have selected is â€Å"OMORE ICECREAM†. The Company that produces it is Engro Foods Limited. COMPANY Engro foods are among the biggest and fastest growing conglomerates in Pakistan with a vision to cater to local needs with the products conforming to global standards. Highly passionate about millions of people across the lengths and breadth of Pakistan and beyond with the ultimate brand experience, its product comprises some of the country’s biggest and best selling brands including Olpers, Omore Ice-cream, Omung Lassi, Dairy Omung and Tarang. Engro Foods Limited was officially launched as a fully owned subsidiary of Engro in 2004. Using dairy as a stepping stone to enter into the food business, the company has established state of the art processing unit in Sukkur and Sahiwal, along with the ice-cream production facility in Sahiwal. MARKETING STRATEGY FOR THE OMORE We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Omore ice-cream was launched in March formally on April 6 2009 in eight cities and towns, started with 24 different formats and flavors. It is a brand that seeks to cater a wide range of consumer groups and taste palettes. Omore Ice-cream has a high quality and eye catching packaging and the packaging is colorful and beautiful which attracts children. They promote ice cream through advertising such as vehicle advertising, billboards, point of displays and television ads which are very attractive. When Omore ice-cream was introduced, for marketing, flyers were thrown in different housing communities using airplanes. They also have a slogan for joy and happiness â€Å"Art of Happiness† and have associated their brand with rituals, celebrations like basant, mela etc. they also market their products at face book, twitter etc to link their brand with customers. Omore ice-cream is available in large, small bakeries and stores. They also sell their products directly to consumers using cycles and their own personnel. MARKETING MIX OF OMORE PRODUCT OMORE has differentiated and positioned its ice-cream on following dimensions: Conformance Quality: This is done by opening channels for getting feedback i. e. hrough website, help lines, social media like Face book which allows customers to complain and suggest about the product. Reliability: Omore claims to use pure ingredients, authentic flavors and best available technology which are verified by its consumers, which helps to gain reliability in Omore. Style: Style describes the product’s look and feel to the buyer. Omore has considered differentiating their ice-creams through improving their packaging or the style with a distinctive feeling about their product. Product name 1. Froze ice pops 2. Nutty caramel cones 3. Strawberry/Mango/vanilla affairs 4. Kulfi (Desi) 5. Lick a flavor 6. Froze cups 7. Buzz Packaging: High quality and eye catching packaging. Packaging color ranges from red, blue, yellow, orange, green and purple. PRICE To capture the market, market pricing strategy is based on â€Å"competition based pricing†. The price of its competitor (Walls) is more or less the same. Product line pricing comprises of: Froze (Rs. 5-10-12-15), Range of family packs (Rs. 150-120-180), Range of individual ice-cream (Rs. 10-15-20-30). List price: price varies differently depending upon- cups Rs. 20 cones. Rs. 30 ice pops. Rs. 10-30 soft serve ice cream Rs. 10-15 1 ltr ice cream Rs. 50 2ltr ice cream tub Rs. 275. PLACEMENT Omore ice cream is sold directly through retailers and distributors. Omore ice cream for the time being is only available in limited cities. But now it is expanding the base. Ice-cream is transported to retailers through private transportation firms e. g. Abu dawood and PTI. The ice cream is available at small, medium sized retailers, shopping mart, medical stores and other types of stores. PROMOTION Broadcasting media: Televisions, radio ads and internet ads. Print media: Vehicle advertising, outdoor billboard and point of sale display. Advertising are mostly colorful like their packs. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Geographic: At the start, the only market served was Lahore. After a year they expanded their business and entered other cities as well. Omore covers Punjabi cities more strongly because they are near to their Sahiwal factory. Demographic: Omore has ice cream for almost all demographic segments. Takeaway packs and tubs for families, cones for teen agers, and cups and ice pops for children. Behavioral: Omore is planning to be among those ice creams which offer diet ice creams for those people who have diabetes problem or are diet conscious. It is a large untapped market segment which they are planning to tap soon. In this segment they chose occasional and benefit sought segmentation. COMPETITION With the aid of a table, points are given to each company out of 5. â€Å"1† being the lowest and â€Å"5† being the highest. | Omore| Walls| Igloo| Advertising (Electronic media)| 4| 5| 2| Advertising (Online)| 4| 4| 2| Advertising (off-line e. g. banners, posters, seminars)| 5| 4| 2| Variety of flavors| 3| 5| 3| Quality| 5| 5| 3| Quantity (according to price)| 4| 4| 4| Price| 4| 4| 5| Total points| 29| 31| 21| The table clearly shows that the major competition which OMORE is getting is just from one brand which is Walls, which is manufactured by Unilever. The other competitor, Igloo, used to be a major market player in the beginning of this industry but now the overall performance has declined very much. The competitive edge in marketing which OMORE possesses is off-line marketing in which the company has used a big variety of means to create a good brand image and to create a brand loyalty in customers. They have been organizing different forms of seminars in public places such as schools, resorts, hotels, beeches, restaurants, colleges, universities and shopping malls. Other means are mobile ice cream parlors (using a bus), Sponsoring events in Universities (ADWAR in IBA), organizing concerts, combined advertisings by joining the brand name (Ice age 4 and OMORE). CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS OMORE ICE CREAM CULTURAL FACTORS Cultural shifts: People in Pakistan like â€Å"Desi† sweets dishes more, this entrenched societal characteristics helped marketers of Omore to come up with â€Å"DESI† oriented products like â€Å"KULFI† campaigning it as â€Å"DIL BOLE DESI†. Social class economic situation: considering the vast social classes bad economic condition, Omore has introduced 30 SKUs. These units help to fulfill needs of different classes. Family: members of the family often get together at rituals, celebrations, weekends in Pakistan. Omore has associated its brand with happiness joy that â€Å"enjoy the moments with sweet items such as family packs of Omore ice cream†. PERSONAL FACTORS Age Life-Cycle stage self concept: children, adults old people have different buying behavior. Colors, cartoons, sincerity are associated with child’s personality that’s why Omore has introduced the â€Å"Frooze† series of ice cream. Adult go for excitement and Omore’s â€Å"chocolate temptation† promises of classy, imaginative taste. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS Motivation: buying behavior varies from one person to other according to their motivation level because for underprivileged person, ice cream is the occasional treat while for privileged ones, Omore ice cream could be a source of fulfilling the esteem or social needs. Learning, Belief attitudes: with vast range of flavors classy taste, Omore ice cream hasn’t disappointed its first users consumers’ response has been tremendous so far. Omore has grabbed more than 26% total market share. Omore has also succeeded in changing attitudes of even brand loyal of Walls ‘product. TYPE OF BUYING DECISION BEHAVIOR Consumer of ice cream undertakes variety-seeking buying behavior because of low-involvement but significant perceived brand differences. There is significant difference found among price, flavors, product design, marketing strategy of two brands i. e. Omore Walls. Omore consumers wouldn’t do much evaluation before usage of any product often keep on looking for new different products for merely variety. BUYER DECISION PROCESS Need recognition: a consumer who eats creamy strawberry ice cream of Walls would be triggered by the ad of Strawberry Cheesecake ice cream of Omore with the flavor of Cheese because he likes cheese flavor. Information search: consumer may go for experiential sources to get the information in which he would use the product. Moreover, he can also get information from personal sources. This information could bring more products under consideration. Evaluation of alternatives: since there are two major ice cream brands in Pakistan, then consumer will compare the features of two products, such as price, flavor, quality etc and make the priority list. Consumer’s priority list could consist of quality, cheese flavor, accessibility. Purchase decision: consumer will make the purchase in keeping account of his priority list if Strawberry Cheesecake ice cream of Omore fulfills all consumers’ requirements, then he will buy it. Post purchase behavior: if the consumer’s expectation ice cream perceived performance match then consumer will be satisfied otherwise not. Consumer may compromise for some drawbacks of chosen products such as high price and this would push him towards the post purchase dissonance. Details of contact person: Filza Feroz Maniar Corporae Payable Officer Number#03333269847

Free Essays on Goal Setting Theory

Abortion Abortion In our media-intensive culture it is not difficult to find different opinions, thousands of newspapers and dozen of radio and television talk showes resound different points of view. One important issue that is being wildly discussed is of a woman’s right to determinate an unwanted pregnancy by making a choice to have an abortion. This issue can be considered from different perspectives. They can be moral, religious or legal. Those who oppose the abortion rights and call themselves pro-life claim the abortion as a criminal act. They believe that it is a murder to terminate the life of the zygote/embryo/fetus ( Currie 24). To murder means to kill a person. The embryo is not equal to a person. It has only the potential to be one, but it does not have any of the mental, emotional or physical features. We can not say that the baby is equal to an embryo ( Currie 32 ). The obstetrician and gynecologist Don Sloan argues that although an abortion destroys an embryo it is not a murder because the embryo is not a separate human life. It is not able to live outside the woman’s body. He says: I wonder if people realize how big a fertilized ovum is. Half an inch? A quarter inch? It is less than the thickness of one of your hairs! That is not a â€Å"baby†. Many zygotes or embryos spontaneously abort and over 90 % of deliberate abortions happen in the first trimester when the embryo is less than two inches long. Yet the pro-life movement persists in pretending that aborting a zygote or an embryo is the same as â€Å"killing a baby†. (40) Even though it kills life, abortion is a moral choice when â€Å"would-be† mothers realize that their present circumstances do not enable them to raise a â€Å"would-be† child responsibly (Muller 1 25). In a case when the woman is not pr... Free Essays on Goal Setting Theory Free Essays on Goal Setting Theory Abortion Abortion In our media-intensive culture it is not difficult to find different opinions, thousands of newspapers and dozen of radio and television talk showes resound different points of view. One important issue that is being wildly discussed is of a woman’s right to determinate an unwanted pregnancy by making a choice to have an abortion. This issue can be considered from different perspectives. They can be moral, religious or legal. Those who oppose the abortion rights and call themselves pro-life claim the abortion as a criminal act. They believe that it is a murder to terminate the life of the zygote/embryo/fetus ( Currie 24). To murder means to kill a person. The embryo is not equal to a person. It has only the potential to be one, but it does not have any of the mental, emotional or physical features. We can not say that the baby is equal to an embryo ( Currie 32 ). The obstetrician and gynecologist Don Sloan argues that although an abortion destroys an embryo it is not a murder because the embryo is not a separate human life. It is not able to live outside the woman’s body. He says: I wonder if people realize how big a fertilized ovum is. Half an inch? A quarter inch? It is less than the thickness of one of your hairs! That is not a â€Å"baby†. Many zygotes or embryos spontaneously abort and over 90 % of deliberate abortions happen in the first trimester when the embryo is less than two inches long. Yet the pro-life movement persists in pretending that aborting a zygote or an embryo is the same as â€Å"killing a baby†. (40) Even though it kills life, abortion is a moral choice when â€Å"would-be† mothers realize that their present circumstances do not enable them to raise a â€Å"would-be† child responsibly (Muller 1 25). In a case when the woman is not pr...

11 Synonyms for Tres Bon to Say Great in French

11 Synonyms for Tres Bon to Say Great in French French has many ways to say great. Many  students use trà ¨s bon  (very good), but bon in French is really just a basic adjective. It means good and can seem a bit weak, just like very good or great would be in English. Using a synonym, instead, will make your French sound much more eloquent. As we examine the various synonyms for  trà ¨s bon, we will look at two sentences. The first will use the appropriate French  great  and the second  will include the synonym. This will allow you to really see the impact it has on your meaning. Agrà ©able (Nice, Pleasant) This is a very good synonym for bon  since agrà ©able essentially has  the same strength as bon. Nous avons passà © une trà ¨s bonne soirà ©e.  We had a very good evening.Nous avons passà © une soirà ©e trà ¨s agrà ©able.  We had a very pleasant evening. Chouette (Cool, Pleasant, Friendly, Nice) Chouette is common slang. It has the same masculine and feminine. Cette fille est trà ¨s sympathique.  This girl is very nice, is great.Cette fille est trà ¨s chouette. This girl is awesome. No  Trà ¨s Here Now we will look at adjectives that are already at the highest degree of their meaning. This means that  you cannot use trà ¨s  (very) with them. You could, however, use vraiment (really) which is extremely popular, though it may be a bit overused at times. Excellent (Excellent) When something is really, really good, the word good simply cannot express that. This is why we have a word like  excellent  in both French and English. Ce repas à ©tait vraiment trà ¨s bon.  This meal was really very good.Ce repas à ©tait vraiment excellent.  This meal was really excellent. Formidable  (Wonderful) Watch out for the word  formidable as it is a false cognate. Formidable  is positive in French, it does not mean terrible as formidable does in English. Nous avons vu un trà ¨s bon spectacle.  We saw a very good show.Nous avons vu un spectacle formidable.  We saw a wonderful show. Extraordinaire / Exceptionnel (Exceptional) In English, extraordinary doesnt necessarily mean great as it can also mean out of the ordinary. In French, we would say hors de lordinaire or, more frequently, trà ¨s diffà ©rent for that meaning. Nous avons bu un trà ¨s bon vin.  We drank a very good wine.Nous avons bu un vin extraordinaire/ exceptionnel.  We drank an exceptional wine Fantastique (Amazing) When youre traveling, you will come across many eye-catching places. Yet, are they really just pretty or are they amazing?  Fantastique  is a perfect word for such a scenario. Nous avons visità © des endroits trà ¨s beaux.  We visited very pretty places.Nous avons visità © des endroits fantastiques.  We visited amazing places. Merveilleux (Marvelous) Merveilleux  is much like  fantastique  in that it takes a mediocre description and adds pizzazz.   Ce massage à ©tait vraiment trà ¨s bon.  This massage was really great.Ce massage à ©tait vraiment merveilleux. This massage was really marvelous. Remarquable (Remarkable) You should have no problem with the French  remarquable  because it bears a remarkable resemblance to the English. Son travail est trà ¨s bon.  His work is great.Son travail est remarquable.  His work is remarkable. Gà ©nial (Brilliant) There are great ideas and there are brilliant ideas. When you want to distinguish the two, turn to  gà ©niale. Il a eu une trà ¨s bonne idà ©e.  He had a great idea.Il a eu une idà ©e gà ©niale.  He had a brilliant idea. Super (Terrific) Super may be a bit old-fashioned in English, but it is used often in French. Its also invariable, meaning it doesnt change with number and gender. Mes vacances à ©taient trà ¨s bonnes. My vacation was great.Mes vacances à ©taient super.  My vacation was terrific. Note that les  vacances is plural feminine in French. Top Cool (Really Cool) The phrase top cool  is popular among a really young French crowd. Dont use it if you are over, say, 20! Je  kiffe  trop  cette  meuf. Elle  est top cool.  I dig this girl. Shes really awesome.

Memory Game maths GCSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Memory Game maths GCSE - Essay Example Most theoretical models of memory distinguish three main systems or types: sensory memory, short-term or working memory, and long-term memory. Within each of these categories are further divisions. Sensory memory refers to the initial, momentary recording of information in our sensory systems. When sensations strike our eyes, they linger briefly in the visual system. This kind of sensory memory is called iconic memory and refers to the usually brief visual persistence of information as it is being interpreted by the visual system. Echoic memory is the name applied to the same phenomenon in the auditory domain: the brief mental echo that persists after information has been heard. Similar systems are assumed to exist for other sensory systems (touch, taste, and smell), although researchers have studied these senses less thoroughly.(Encarta reference library 2003) We can keep information circulating in working memory by rehearsing it. Several experiments can be performed to test this. The experiment can be performed on the assumption that is the person is able to recall more he/she can be said to have more observation power. It can also be assumed that the things that are recalled are ore familiar to the person. We can recall events,things and also facts that are more familiar to us quickly than those that are unfamiliar. For example in a 1966 experiment, subjects were shown a series of 15 words, then tested for their recall of the words immediately or after 30 seconds. When tested immediately, people remembered items at the beginning and end of the series better than those in the middle, a phenomenon called the serial position effect. Memory for words at the end of the list faded when the test was delayed 30 seconds. The experiment The experiment is simple. The players are given a series of 10 words . These words would appear on the computer screen for a brief period of 30 seconds and the players would observe what they see. After 30 seconds the words would disappear and the players would write them on papers provided to them. This process would continue several times with different words each time. The words may be meaningful or meaningless. The experiment is performed in the following phases Phase 1 The following ten words are taken. Since it is the first phase the words are simple and easy to remember: Bun,tea,biscuit,plane,ink,pen,pencil,earth,bat,ball The outcome: All the five members could recall successfully all the words. The number of words are taken in the y-axis and the persons are taken in the x-axis i.e. 1 indicates person 1 and so on. From the above observation it can be inferred that recalling words depends upon the ease of words. Phase 2 In this phase the following words are taken: Abberant,adjourn ,ablong,abound,abrasive,abort,abstract,affiliate,aliterate,astounding The outcome: Person 1 2 3 4 5 Number of words 10 8 5 4 6 From the table it can be inferred that the first person recalled 10 words, the second person recalled 8 words, the third person recalled 5 words, the fourth person

The Causes and Consequences of a Currency Crisis Essay

The Causes and Consequences of a Currency Crisis - Essay Example This creates inflation and a current account deficit, which may lead investors to doubt the exchange rate peg. Speculators eventually mount an attack--that is, they demand foreign reserves in exchange for the domestic currency. To defend the peg, the monetary authorities sell off foreign exchange reserves. When the reserves fall to a certain point, the government is faced with a choice: should it break its external promise (to keep the exchange rate fixed) or keep its internal political constituents happy (by not raising taxes or cutting spending) Governments usually choose internal objectives over external constraints; that is, there is a currency crisis. A model like this works well in helping to understand the breakdown of inflationary economies, like Russia in 1998. But such models don't help understand recent crises in Asia. Most Asian countries had admirable monetary and fiscal policies that were viewed as being sustainable. The second model views currency crises as shifts between different monetary policy equilibria; here speculative attacks can be self-fulfilling even against countries with sound policies. In these models, market speculators initiate attacks based on their beliefs about the willingness of policymakers to resist pressure on the exchange rate. When markets perceive that conditions, such as high unemployment or a weak banking system, compromise the central bank's willingness to defend the currency peg by raising interest rates, speculative attacks are more likely to succeed. When a country faces a currency crisis, other countries are affected mainly because of international trade. Thailand faced a financial crisis which led to Malaysia and Indonesia's currency situation as these countries were Thailand's main trade competitors. Hence, trade is regional so currency crises are regional. Recessions are associated with currency crises and Last Name 3 lead to a fall in imports. Trade flows are disrupted as one country's imports fall causes another country's exports to decrease. Once trade flows are disrupted, major issues occur as free trade is a wonderful thing. There are many models that attempt to explain the phenomenon of how a financial crisis is formed. Chang and Velasco (1998) suggest a useful model should consist of the following features, "It must not rely on government misbehavior to generate the crisisIt must be general enough to accommodate a wide variety of macroeconomic circumstancesIt must be specific enough to explain why in some of these macroeconomic scenarios a crisis occurs, and in some it does notIt must account for the high observed correlation between exchange rate collapses and banking crisesIt must replicate the puzzling fact that the punishment is much larger than the crime" The transferring of information in international financial markets can cause most of the information to become trapped. Minute changes in information can cause incredible behaviour by international investors. During a currency crisis, governments tend to expropriate foreign funds in an attempt to raise funds. (Chari and Kehoe, 1997). Their model implies that only governments with weak reputations are subject to volatile capital flows. Thailand faced incredible external (foreign) debts. As its debts increased, creditors wondered if it could meet its obligations. Hence, supply

French Wines Essay Example for Free

French Wines Essay French wine originated in the 6th century BCE, with the colonization of Southern Gaul by Greek settlers. Viticulture soon flourished with the founding of the Greek colony of Marseille. The Roman Empire licensed regions in the south to produce wines. St. Martin of Tours (316-397) was actively engaged in both spreading Christianity and planting vineyards. During the middle Ages, monks maintained vineyards and, more importantly, conserved wine-making knowledge and skills during that often turbulent period. Monasteries had the resources, security, and motivation to produce a steady supply of wine both for celebrating mass and generating income. During this time, the best vineyards were owned by the monasteries and their wine was considered to be superior. Over time the nobility developed extensive vineyards. However, the French Revolution led to the confiscation of many of the vineyards owned by the Church and others. The advance of French wine industry stopped abruptly as first Mildew and then Phylloxera spread throughout the country, indeed across all of Europe, leaving vineyards desolate. Following this became an economic downturn in Europe followed by two world wars and French wine industry didnt fully recover for decades. Meanwhile competition had arrived and threatened the treasured French brands such as Champagne and Bordeaux. This resulted in the establishing of the Appellation dOrigine Controlee to protect French interests in 1935. Large investments, the economic upturn following World War 2 and a new generation of Vignerons yielded results in the 1970s and the following decades, creating the modern French wines we know today. GRAPE VARIETIES TERROIR:- France is the source of many grape varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, and Syrah) that are now planted throughout the world, as well as several wine-making practices and styles of wine that are copied and imitated in other producing countries. Although some producers have benefited in recent years from rising prices and increased demand for some of the prestige wines from Burgundy and Bordeaux, the French wine industry as a whole has suffered from a decline in domestic consumption as well as growing competition from both the New World and other European countries. All common styles of wine — red, rose, white, dry, semi-sweet, sweet, sparkling and fortified — are produced in France. In most of these styles, the French production ranges from cheap and simple versions to some of the worlds most famous and expensive examples. An exception is French fortified wines, which tend to be relatively unknown outside France. Numerous grape varieties are cultivated in France, including both internationally well-known and obscure local varieties. In fact, most of the so-called international varieties are of French origin, or became known and spread because of their cultivation in France. Since French appellation rules generally restrict wines from each region, district or appellation to a small number of allowed grape varieties, there are in principle no varieties that are commonly planted throughout all of France. Most varieties of grape are primarily associated with a certain region, such as Cabernet Sauvignon in Bordeaux and Syrah in Rhone, although there are some varieties that are found in two or more regions, such as Chardonnay in Bourgogne and Champagne, and Sauvignon Blanc in Loire and Bordeaux. As an example of the rules, although climatic conditions would appear to be favourable, no Cabernet. Sauvignon wines are produced in Rhone, Riesling wines in Loire, or Chardonnay wines in Bordeaux. If such wines were produced, they would have to be declassified to VIN de Pays or French table wine. They would not be allowed to display any appellation name or even region of origin. Traditionally, many French wines have been blended from several grape varieties. Varietal white wines have been, and are still, more common than varietal red wines. In many respects, French wines have more of a regional than a national identity, as evidenced by different grape varieties, production methods and different classification systems in the various regions. Quality levels and prices vary enormously, and some wines are made for immediate consumption while other are meant for long-time cellaring. If there is one thing that most French wines have in common, it is that most styles have developed as wines meant to accompany food, be it a quick baguette, a simple bistro meal, or a full-fledged multi-course menu. Since the French tradition is to serve wine with food, wines have seldom been developed or styled as bar wines for drinking on their own, or to impress in tastings when young. TERROIR: The concept of Terroir, which refers to the unique combination of natural factors associated with any particular vineyard, is important to French vignerons. It includes such factors as soil, underlying rock, altitude, slope of hill or terrain, orientation toward the sun, and microclimate (typical rain, winds, humidity, temperature variations, etc. ). Even in the same area, no two vineyards have exactly the same terroir, thus being the base of the Appellation d’Origine controlee (AOC) system that has been model for appellation and wine laws across the globe. In other words: when the same varietal is planted in different regions, it can produce wines that are significantly different from each other. In France the concept of terroir manifests itself most extremely in the Burgundy region. The amount of influence and the scope that falls under the description of terroir has been a controversial topic in the wine industry. WINE REGIONS:- The recognized wine producing areas in France are regulated by the Institut National des Appellations dOrigine INAO in acronym. Every appellation in France is defined by INAO, in regards to the individual regions particular wine character. If a wine fails to meet the INAOs strict criteria it is declassified into a lower appellation or even into VIN de Pays or Vin de Table. With the amount of appellations in France too numerous to mention here, they are easily defined into one of the main wine producing regions listed below. 1. ALSACE: Alsace is primarily a white-wine region, though some red rose, sparkling and sweet wines are also produced. It is situated in eastern France on the river Rhine and borders Germany, a country with which it shares many grape varieties as well as a long tradition of varietal labelling. Wines from Alsace: More than 90% of the wines in Alsace are white. Riesling and Gewurzt are among the best white wines in France. Wine makers raise them in a style you cant find anywhere else but in a wine from Alsace. The most important wines in Alsace are: †¢ Riesling (23% of Alsace wines) †¢ Gewurztraminer (18%) †¢ Pinot Blanc (20%) †¢ Tokay Pinot Gris (13%) †¢ Sylvaner (12%) †¢ Cremant dAlsace (a sparkling wine) Other wines from Alsace are: Vendanges Tardives (late harvest), Edelzwicker, Muscat, Pinot Noir, etc. 2. BORDEAUX: Bordeaux is probably the most well-know wine region in France. Bordeaux counts for one third of the good quality French wine (AOC, crus bourgeois, crus classes). The wines are so good there that a Bordeaux ranking is needed to classify the best of the best. Some of them are universal: Margaux, Yquem, Petrus, Cheval Blanc, Haut Brion and all the others. Bordeaux has about 7,000 chateaux! Bordeaux wine and food Red Bordeaux is excellent with beef, lamb, grilled veal, game such as pheasant, and poultry such as grilled turkey. Dry whites are perfect in an aperitif and go very well with sea-food and chicken. Sweet wines are generally served with a desert. Connoisseurs appreciate the Sauternes as an aperitif or with foie gras. Medoc wine region: Medoc Haut Medoc Margaux Saint Estephe Pauillac Saint Julien Listrac Moulis Cotes wine region: Saint Emilion Cotes de Castillon Cotes de Francs Pomerol Fronsac Cotes de Bourg . 3. BURGUNDY: Burgundy or Bourgogne in eastern France is a region where red and white wines are equally important. Probably more terroir-conscious than any other region, Burgundy is divided into the largest number of appellations of any French region. The top wines from Burgundys heartland in Cote dOr command high prices. The Burgundy region is divided in four main parts: †¢ The Cote de Nuits (from Marsannay-La-Cote down to Nuits-Saint-Georges) †¢ The Cote de Beaune (from north of Beaune to Santenay) †¢ The Cote Chalonnaise †¢ The Maconnais Wines in burgundy: †¢ Chablis †¢ Cote de Nuits: Cote de Nuits Gevrey Chamber tin Clos Vougeot Vosne Romanee Nuits Saint Georges †¢ Cote de Beaune: Cote de Beaune Corton Pommard Volnay Meursault Chassagne Montrachet †¢ Cote Chalonnaise and Macon: Givry Pouilly Fuisse Rully Macon Mercurey 4. CHAMPAGNE: Champagne is one of the most well known wines in the world. Champagne is definitely a festive wine. The champagne region spreads in the North East of France, around the cities of Reims and Epernay. There are basically 3 different areas in the Champagne wine region: Montagne de Reims Cote des Blancs Marne Valley A Champagne bottle should mature in a cellar for one to two years. There are several different kinds of Champagne according to your taste: Doux (means sweet), 4% and more of sugar Demi-sec (fairly sweet), 2. 5 to 5% of sugar Sec (sweet/dry), 1. 75 to 2. 5% of sugar Extra sec (medium dry), 1. 5 to 2% of sugar Brut (dry), 0. 5 to 1. 5% of sugar, the most common Champagne these days Extra brut (very dry), 0 to 0. 5% of sugar 5. COTES DU RHONE: Cotes du Rhone generic wines go well with every day cooking, dishes based on chicken and not to strong cheeses. Full body red wines are perfect with roasted red meat and game. Full body white wines are good companion with grilled fish and even foie gras. Cotes du Rhone is probably the most diverse wine region in France. From the very different full-body red wines of Cote Rotie in the north and Chateauneuf du Pape in the south to the exquisite white wine of Condrieu and Chateau Grillet and the fruity red wines of Crozes Hermitage and of the southern Rhone region. 6. LANGUEDOC ROUSSILLON: Long history of wine making and favourable natural and climatic conditions explain why wine is so important in Languedoc Roussillon. Dramatic have been made other the years to reduce the production and to improve the quality of the wine. Languedoc-Roussillon region produces mainly red wines, a good share is Vin de Table but most of it is Vin de Pays. They are perfect as every day wines. AOC wines are very interesting to follow as the techniques, grape varieties and vineyards selected tend to improve the quality of the wine. Languedoc-Roussillon, by far the largest region in terms of vineyard surface, and the region in which much of Frances cheap bulk wines have been produced. While still the source of much of Frances and Europes overproduction, the so-called wine lake, Languedoc-Roussillon is also the home of some of Frances most innovative producers. They try to combine traditional French wine and international styles and do not hesitate to take lessons from the New World. WINE AND FOOD: Red wine: Grilled red meat Pate, sausages and salami Roasted turkey Feathered game Rose: Salad Onion tart Omelet as an aperitif. White wine: Local sea food products. 7. LOIRE VALLEY: The Loire Valley is famous for its white wines. None of them use Chardonnay as a main grape variety. Chenin Blanc or Sauvignon are widely used. About 75% of the production is made of white wine. Although Loire is a land of white wine, some red wines are very interesting. They are fruity and pleasant. Loire wines go very well with any dish based on pork, from pate to roast, ham and chicken, from fish to sea-food, from eel to trout. They are just palatable with all the summer cooking. Muscadet is excellent with oysters, the Sancerre with goat-cheese. WINES OF LOIRE VALLEY: West side of the Loire Valley (around Nantes): Muscadet Anjou Saumur: Anjou Coteaux du Layon Saumur Touraine: Touraine Bourgueil Chinon Vouvray East side of the Loire Valley: Pouilly Fume Sancerre 8. PROVENCE: Provence is known for its fresh and fruity rose wine. Outside of the generic Cotes de Provence appellation, rose wines are also excellent in Coteaux dAix or in Coteaux Varois. Wine lovers can also discover the typical terroirs of Bandol, Palette, Bellet and Cassis to taste full body red wines and aromatic white wines. Detailled information about wines from Provence: Cotes de Provence, Bandol , Bellet . WINE AND FOOD: Rose de Provence is the perfect summer wine. The wine is fresh and fruity. Rose is a good companion to any meal that has sun in its roots and specially the food coming from the Mediterranean Sea and Provence. We recommend rose with: Salad (such as Salade nicoise) as an aperitif with typical food from Provence (Bouillabaisse, Aioli, Ratatouille, etc) Full body red wines from Provence should match with game and roasted red meat. White wines are perfect with local seafood products. 9. CORSICA: Corsica island, off the French South coast, is affectionately called Lile de beaute (The beautiful island). Of course, the wines produced on the island are generally delicious. Corsica offers subtle rose and dry white wines. Corsican wines must be drunk young, fresh, as aperitif or to accompany a light meal. The best Corsican wines come from the coast. The main wines of Corsica are: Patrimonio: The most well known Corsican wine. Read more about Patrimonio Ajaccio: One of the highest terroir in France. 10. SOUTH WEST FRANCE: Between the Bordeaux region and the Pyrenees, the South-West is a traditional wine region, probably even oldest than its neighbour. Wines from the South-West have often been confused with Bordeaux wines. But one must not conclude that those wines are of a lower quality. Virgil and Horatius have praised wines from South West high and sometimes low! Nowadays wines from South West are of excellent quality for the value and should be recommended because of their unique personality based on local history and traditions. Wines from South West of France are diverse. The most important are: Red wine: Bergerac Buzet Cahors Gaillac Madiran Dry white wine: Bergerac Jurancon Sweet white wine: Gaillac Jurancon Monbazillac For most of the people in France, South West means good food! Wines and food: Because the wines are so diverse in South West of France, the food that will match these wines will be diverse as well. Red wines are perfect with local food such as cassoulet or roasted duck. Dry white wines are very good with river fish (such as trout or salmon) or with white meat. Sweet white wines match well with Foie gras or as an aperitif. TRENDS:- France has traditionally been the largest consumer of its own wines. However, wine consumption has been dropping in France for 40 years. During the decade of the 1990s, per capita consumption dropped by nearly 20 percent. Therefore, French wine producers must rely increasingly on foreign markets. However, consumption has also been dropping in other potential markets such as Italy, Spain and Portugal. The result has been a continuing wine glut, often called the wine lake. This has led to the distillation of wine into industrial alcohol as well as a government program to pay farmers to pull up their grape vines through vine pull schemes. A large part of this glut is caused by the re-emergence of Languedoc wine. Immune from these problems has been the market for Champagne as well as the market for the expensive ranked or classified wines. However, these constitute only about five percent of French production. French regulations in 1979 created simple rules for the then-new category of VIN de pays. The Languedoc-Roussillon region has taken advantage of its ability to market varietal wines. BIBLIOGRAPHY:- 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/French_wine 2. http://www. terroir-france. com/wine/regions. htm 3. http://www. avex-wines. com/avexwinesimageslabelpicturesbottlephotos. html 4. http://www. fotosearch. com/results.

Washing and Constant Cleaning, an Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) E

Washing and Constant Cleaning, an Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) Abstract Washing and constant cleaning, an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD often goes undiagnosed. Patients obsessively wash, check something or hoard things to relieve themselves of an overwhelming anxiety, and are fully aware their behavior is abnormal. This research studies a 23-year-old married woman who sought treatment for a severe washing and cleaning problem and how the patient was treated. I will discuss how the patient was diagnosed, and treated with a form of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy or CBT (exposure and response treatment) and what medications can be used for treatment. Vickie, a 23 year-old married woman arrived with the company of her husband. Vickie had a problem with severe had washing and cleaning. She would wash her hands up to 30 times a day for at least 5 minutes each time. She always had the feeling that her hands were not really clean, she might touch the side of the sink after she rinsed her hands and then think they were dirty again. She also took two showers a day for up to 50 minutes or until all the hot water was gone. Other things she did to make herself feel clean is use alcohol to wipe things down that she would come into contact with, like her car seat before she set in it. She has been unable to seek employment as a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) due to her symptoms. I conducted four initial sessions, session one and two were to seek information about the history of her symptoms, obsessional content, including external and internal fears cues, beliefs about consequences, and information about passive avoidance patterns and types of rituals (Levenkron, 1991). I also requested Vickie before our next session to record all washing and cleaning that she did, including wiping things with alcohol. She recorded every time she washed, how long she washed, what made her wash, and how anxious she was before she washed. This kind of record will help us identify any sources of contamination she may have gotten and we can also use it to measure her progress during treatment; the third session was devoted to personal and family history; the fourth session was devoted to treatment planning. During the first three therapy sessions Vickie talked about her experiences of recurrent and persistent ideas, thought, impulses, ... ... to obtain anti-obsessional effects. Studies done to date suggest that the following dosages may be necessary: Luvox (up to 300 mg/day), Prozac (40-80 mg/day), Zoloft (up to 200 mg/day), Paxil (40-60 mg/day), Celexa (up to 60 mg/day), and Anafranil (up to 250 mg/day), (Jenike, 1999b). References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author Engler, J. & Goleman, D. (1992). The authoritative guide for making informed choices about all types of psychotherapy. The Consumer’s Guide to Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster/Fireside Levenkron, S. (1991). Treating & Understanding Crippling Habits. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. New York, NY: Warner Books. Jenike, J. (1999a). How to select a Behavior Therapist. Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation. Available: http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf_0003.htm Jenike, J. (1999b). OCD medication: Adults. Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation. Retrieved November 18, 2001, from http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1050a.htm Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation: How is OCD treated. Retrieved November 14, 2001, from http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1030a.htm

A Successful Teacher

Teaching is a special calling. It is not a job well – suited to everyone. Teaching is still more of an art than a science. So teachers should be artists in this domain. Teaching should provide an opportunity for students to develop a strong sense of creativity, a high self-esteem a life- long respect for learning. A teacher will be one factor that helps a student learn and progress along their way through life. Many individuals believe that being a teacher is an easy task. Our society believes that any person can become a teacher, but experience has shown that not everyone is capable of being a teacher.There are many personality traits that are required to be an effective teacher. â€Å"How to be a successful teacher? † It is an important question that we can answer by infinite words and endless sentences. However, here are some top keys for being a successful and ideal teacher. Every teacher can benefit from focusing on these important qualities. Success in teaching, a s in most areas of life depends almost entirely on your attitude and on your approach. 1- Sense of Humor : A sense of humor can help you become a successful teacher. Your sense of humor can relieve tense classroom situations before they become disruptions.A sense of humor will also make the class more enjoyable for your students and possibly make students look forward to attending and paying attention Most importantly, a sense of humor will allow you to see the joy in life and make you a happier person as you progress through this sometimes stressful career. 2- A positive Attitude A positive attitude is a great asset in life. You will be thrown many curve balls in life and especially in the teaching profession. A positive attitude will help you cope with these in the best way.Your composure will ease your possible anger and will decrease the pressure that you may face. For example, you may find out the first day of school that you are teaching English 2 instead of English 1. This wo uld not be an ideal situation, but a teacher with the right attitude would try to focus on getting through the first day without negatively impacting the students. 3- High Expectations : An effective teacher must have high expectations; you should strive to raise the bar for your students. If you expect less effort, you will receive less effort.You should work on an attitude that says that you know students can achieve to your level of expectations, thereby giving them a sense of confidence too. This is not to say that you should create unrealistic expectations. However, your expectations will be one of the key factors in helping learn and achieve. 4-Consistency: In order to create a positive learning environment, your students should know what to expect from you every day. You need to be consistent, this will create a safe learning environment for the students and they will be more likely to succeed.It is amazing that students can adapt to teachers throughout the day that range fro m strict to easy. However, they will dislike an environment in which the rules are constantly changing. 5. Fairness: Many people confuse fairness and consistency. A consistent teacher is the same person from day to day. A fair teacher treats students equally in the same situation. For example, students complain of unfairness when teachers treat one gender or group of students differently. Students pick up this so quickly, so be careful of being labeled unfair. . Flexibility: One of the tenets of teaching should be that everything is in a constant state of change. Interruptions and disruptions are the norm and very few days are typical. Therefore, a flexible attitude is important not only for your stress level, but also for your students who expect you to be in charge and take control of any situation. Finally, there are some points that every teacher should pay attention to in order to be an ideal teacher : 1- Never lose your temper, be self-contain. – Do not let your student s know your self-points. 3- Do not break the rules and the regulations. 4- Be patient. 5- Be unpredictable, do not be a stereo type teacher. 6- Variety and speed†¦. †Variety is the spice of life†. 7- Love your students and treat them kindly. 8- Be punctual in appointments. 9- Be tolerant. 10- Pay attention to the differences that may be found among the students. ( disparity in mental and understanding abilities ) . Whenever there is a will, there is a way†¦..

Integrated Marketing Communication Essay

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is a term used to describe the communication tools which help channel the messages intended by the marketers through various tools and with the usage of comprehensive plans and schemes that incorporate the objectives of a marketing campaigns. (Belch GE, Belch MA, 2008). IMC is a discipline which seeks to develop the marketing strategies which help promote a good or a service in the desired way which marketers want and works to ensure that the methods used to do so are in lined with the customs and traditions of the place where marketing and promotion of a certain product is being done. (Kitchen P & Pelsmacke PD 2004). IMC, tactically is a way of putting together the functions of marketing into one single form and using the marketing techniques and methods to achieve the desired level of response from the target customers. IMC involves combination of strategies which are used to communicate the messages of marketers with the use of various sources and methods. IMC strategies start from designing the product, analyzing the target market, conducting researches, budgeting and planning, overcoming the technological and cultural barriers and hence communicating the product to prospects. IMC operates in macro and micro environments which mean the outer and inner spheres of an organisation and the immediate context of communication in an organisation respectively. The example of macro environment in IMC is the use of consumer magazines. These magazines provide a way of fine communication amongst the people and the organisations. To consumers, magazines are a source of boredom alleviation and a hind sight to know about the product which the organisation wants to sell. They perform the function of awareness for the consumers and help the organisation understand the changing demands of the customers. (Kitchen P & Pelsmacke PD 2004) Magazines being easy to use, mobile and flexible to read are the vast effecting medium of communication used by the organisations. Some famous magazines like Readers Digest, New York Times display the example of widely read and used magazines. The Tools of Integrated Marketing Communication: There are seven basic tools employed by IMC to perform the function of communication. In order to understand them, understanding communication is more important. Communication can be defined as a process in which a sender and receiver involve in the activity of sending and receiving a ‘message’ through a certain ‘channel’. Feedback is the result of communication process which a receiver sends to a sender. (Schultz DE, Tannenbaum SI, Lauterborn RF, 1993). The marketing communication mix includes Advertisements, Sale Promotion, Personal Selling (PR), Sponsorship, Packaging and Direct Marketing (DM). These tools together perform the functions of IMC that is to communicate the desired message of marketers to the target audience who are the prospective and potential buyers of the product which is being sold. (Schultz D, Schultz H 2004) These are the six basic communication methods which are used in IMC to communicate to the target audience and help in selling the product to them. (Belch GE, Belch MA, 2008). Drivers of Integrated Marketing Communication: IMC is a discipline which is only a decade old. The old 4Ps of marketing mix, that are, product, price, place, promotion have all been combined into one P, i. . , Promotion. Its promotion of the product which needs the basic communication processes and for which organisations incur huge expenses with one single target. (Pickton D, Broderick A, 2005). They need their product to be known and they want it be sold. Previously, marketing the product was the function of marketing department of an organisation only. (Cornelissen, P. J. & Lock, R. A. 2000). Organisations used to contact agencies to have their product promoted amongst the masses and to let the customers be aware of their existence in the market. (Schultz, D.  E. 1996). PR that existed in those days too, but marketers and organisations over looked the fact that they can amalgamate both the functions and enhance further tools to achieve better results in the field of marketing communications. Globalization has made competition severe and tough. Organisations now bring offers for the customer which can not only satisfy their prospect customers but also delight them. In this endeavour, the organisations work hard to make sure that their product is communicated properly and the customers are aware of their presence. Schultz DE, Tannenbaum SI, Lauterborn RF, 1993). Introducing promotional schemes and introducing personal selling with the help of attractive packaging and designs, products speak volumes about themselves, and expertise in PR, Sponsors, Personal selling and glamorous yet classy adverts in print, electronic mediums have paved way for marketers to enhance their marketing campaigns and their marketing plans. All of this is possible only when the concept of completion is hatched. (Percy L, 2008) Barriers to Integrated Marketing Communication:  Even though IMC has opened avenues for organisations to conduct businesses world wide, there are few barriers which have to be encountered while using IMC methods. The most important issue is high costs. Advertisements and sponsorships land down heavy on organisations. Advertisements are expensive, and have to be made with careful vigilance to ensure that the adverts communicate the desired message properly. Sponsorship is costly for the organisations and it has to be done for few activities and has to be done very carefully. Hence budgeting is one of the prime barriers as it comes to allotting a considerable chunk of finances to marketing communications. (Pickton D, Broderick A, 2005). Organisational structure is one barrier too. Some organisations are rigid in their structures and they tend to stay the same. (Pickton D, Broderick A, 2005). IMC tackles with the integration of all the departments together to work in a cohesive and coordinated environment. If organisations do not want to change their structure, IMC will be futile to implement and they won’t enjoy the benefits of it. Schultz D, Schultz H 2004) Some internal and external factors also tend to hamper the activities of IMC. Culture can be one of them. It is very important for the organisation and the agency to know what promotional scheme they are using and whether it is in alignment with the culture existing in a country. Wrong wordings or inappropriate signs can disrupt the image of the organisation and people of the country can sue the company too. Such precautions have to be taken in account and can become a barrier to IMC. (Smith PR, Taylor J, 2004) Integrated Marketing Communications and the Academic Acceptance: IMC has emerged as a discipline in the last decade. The new subject has come to be of great importance for the marketers and organisational managers who want to take full benefit of Integrated Marketing Communications. (Schultz DE & Kitchen P 1998, p 7-19). The in coherent and uncoordinated departments of the organisations can now assimilate together to produce synergies and can work together to have their product sold in the market. (Percy L, 2008) IMC promotes focus of customer on the product. With the use of various methods and careful planning like the use of AIDA model, FCB Grid marketers can ensure that customers have their complete focus on the product they are trying to sell. After all, marketing is all about communication. (Percy L, 2008) (Cornelissen, P. J. & Lock, R. A. 2000, p 7-15). In academic arena, IMC has created a benchmark for the people as this new discipline has created avenues for further enhancements in marketing techniques. (Schultz DE, Tannenbaum SI, Lauterborn RF, 1993). Even though few marketers believe that IMC is no different from normal marketing activities and it is more or less same, but the question is: ‘Is IMC no different from Marketing? ’ (O’Brien EM & Hart SJ 1999, p 77-89) The questions needs to be addressed, and the answer to it is that Marketing is different from IMC. Marketing differs from IMC because: †¢ Marketing deals with only one aspect of promotion, just as a ‘P’ of the marketing mix. It does not co ordinate promotion as a part of communication process. Promotional techniques are limited to personal selling and sales promotions. (Schultz D, Schultz H 2004) IMC takes cultural differences while designing the marketing campaign in order to avoid. It also helps reduce the incoherency in organization by creating cross functional teams in organization so that the employees in the organization work hand in hand towards the product communication and creating synergy and increasing customer focus. (Percy L, 2008) Considering these factors, we can assumed and said that IMC must be accepted a separate discipline and it has its own importance which can be seen in today’s world where marketing process has been ignited with raging competition. (Schultz D, Schultz H 2004)

Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Example

Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Example Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Introduction: a. Background of the Study Reading is the most important skill a person should develop. The ultimate goal of reading is to help a person be able to understand the written material, to evaluate it and to apply it in a certain subject. In order to accomplish these things and be good in reading comprehension, one should read books more often. A person who reads book may have a wide range of imagination compared to some who dont. According to an essay writer named Arlene Babes-Evoke Filipinos are not book lovers. As what she had written, Filipinos hate solitude and are also impatient. However, there are some opinions that not all Filipinos are these kinds of readers. Nowadays, many of the Filipinos who loved to read books are experiencing difficulties in how to make reading, a habit. So in this study, the researchers will be discussing about how a certain section loved or hate books. The focus of this research study is the Grade VI pupils of Isabella District II. Many would think that all students in this section are interested in reading books, not knowing that almost half of this class are not book lovers; yes, they do read books but only for the sake of grades (e. I. English subject). This research study will help readers understand and work out the problems why there are still students who have difficulties in reading books. This can help some of the students of the Damascus class to learn and find books as the love of their hearts. B. Objectives of the Study The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why some of the IV Year Damascus class have no reading interest while several of them are critical readers of all kind of books. Specifically, it hopes to answer the if. : 1 . What are the reasons why there are still several Damascus class does not find books interesting? 2. What is the percentage of the Damascus class who loves to read books? Who does not have any interest in reading books? 3. On what level of reading, the students of fourth year Damascus is? 4. What help are being taken to eliminate the reading illness? 5. What help are being taken to improve the level of reading of the book lovers in the Damascus class? C. Scope and Limitation This study is concerned with the reading problems of the Damascus class only. This study covers all, which is all about reading as a skill, reading problems. The researcher only interviews, ask questions to this student of Damascus class. * Definition of Terms Solitude state AT Dealing alone: ten state AT Dealing alone, separated Trot toner people, winter considered as a welcome freedom from disturbance or as an unhappy loneliness * Slothful- lazy Levels of reading * Pre-reader -Pre-reader books are for young children and adults that have not yet learned to read the language the book is written in, or have Just started to learn to pronounce and read simple words. A pre-readers vocabulary is typically small. A pre- reader is likely to have difficulty reading and understanding long words and sentences. These books should use of a lot of pictures and are likely to be read out loud with a parent or educator present. * Beginner -Books at the beginner skill level are intended for young children that can read on their own. Beginners can understand longer sentences and have a higher vocabulary than pre-readers. However, beginners are likely to have some difficulties still with pronunciation and comprehension when new vocabulary is encountered or introduced. These books are likely about basic subjects and use a minimum amount of difficult vocabulary. Difficult words that are used should be properly introduced. These books are likely to still rely heavily on pictures * Intermediate -Books at the intermediate skill level are intended for readers at an average adult reading level. Sentence structures are likely to be more diverse and more difficult vocabulary is often used without an explanation. An intermediate reader is more likely to understand new words and vocabulary Just from the context and usage. These books are likely to provide more in depth information about a subject than a beginner level book would, which may require using and explaining some specialized Jargon. These books should be accessible to readers without any reticular expertise in the subject area and should avoid using Jargon without explanations. * Advanced -Books at the advanced skill level depend on more background knowledge and understanding of more specialized vocabulary than is common for intermediate readers. Some subject-specific Jargon is likely to be used without explanation, but a heavy reliance on subject-specific Jargon should be avoided to increase readability and comprehension. Professional -Books at the professional skill level tend to be highly subject-specific and require extensive background knowledge among readers. Jargon tends to be seed extensively, and readability is often sacrificed for precision. These books may be dry and academic and not welcoming to most readers. E. Importance of the Study This research study gives importance on how the ISABELLA II PUPILS learn and handle their reading capabilities for them to use for daily lives and for facing the futu re that is ahead of them. Reading ability is needed to comprehend materials important to daily living. Reading will also affect the academic performance of the students and thus, this is the importance of the study. T Insoles statement Reading might be a burden for students, but reading also is the most important part in the lives of students especially for the graduating students. II. Review of Related Literature Reading is an important skill for the lives of the students. Reading skill helps students to understand more about their lessons and help them in their vocabularies, expanding their reading comprehension and to have an advantage in speaking English language fluently. It also helps widen the imagination of the readers and ideas Development of Reading Skills Some educators see reading comprehension as a series of sub skills, such as understanding word meaning word meaning in context, finding the main dead, making inferences about information implied but not stated, and distinguishing between fact and opinion. In high school and college, reading materials become more abstract and contain a larger, more technical vocabulary. At this stage, the student not only must acquire new information but also must critically analyze the text and achieve an optimal reading rate based on the difficulty of the material and the purpose of the reading. (Incarnate Premium, 2009) Improving Reading Skills How do you help yourself improve reading competence? Word study is one way for the older student to improve reading ability. This involves using a dictionary and thesaurus, studying word parts, and learning how to find the meaning of a word from the context. Students can also improve their vocabularies by paying conscious attention to any new words they may encounter. Because a mature reader must have several different reading rates available for different materials and purposes, practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful. The development of efficient study strategies is important in learning various kinds of subject matter. One useful duty technique is outlining, which helps to develop an awareness of the main points and details of a selection. (Incarnate Premium,2009). Improving adolescents literacy skills is more difficult, and its more difficult for a number of reasons. One major reason is this whole thing of attitude. We find that a lot of adolescents understandably, if theyve been struggling with literacy have really developed negative attitudes about reading, writing, the whole subject of dealing with improving their academic skills. (Kevin Feldman, De. D. ) To improve reading skills, a reader should know the tactics on how to be a good reader. To improve reading ability, a person should have a work study, it involves thesaurus and dictionary which can help the readers understand more about the content of the book. Skimming the passage for general theme and scanning for a specific information is useful. L nà ©e Must really unreason Tanat Improving tenet rearing Ana writing skills Is not something that adults do to them. Its really something that is done with them. That meaner forging a partnership so that the kids and young people understand the specifics of whats going on what we can do, how long it will take so that they have ambitious but realistic goals. . (Kevin Feldman, De. D. ) Read ing improvement is not only centered on the students, themselves. It is also depend on to the teacher or the leader of the school, if they have the passion for having students the opportunity to be book lovers. Reading ability is very difficult to assess accurately. In the communicative competence model, a students reading level is the level at which that student is able to use reading to accomplish communication goals. This meaner that assessment of reading ability needs to be correlated with purposes for reading. ( CLC. Org/essentials/reading/serenaded. HTML, 2003,2004) Causes of Reading Problems according to Kevin Feldman, De. D. 1 . Falling Behind Many students lack the reading skills required for their grade level. If students fall behind at early ages, by the time they reach high school, it is very difficult for them to catch up. According to the NAPE, 26 percent of 12th-graders cannot read at the basic level. These students may never learn to read. Whos to Blame? Parents are not helping their young children learn to read, either because of laziness or because they work long hours. Technology can also take some of the blame. According to a study published in Reuters, children who have a major video game system in their home spend 30 percent less time reading and working on homework than a child without a system. That meaner they are not getting the skills necessary to keep up with their classmates. The Art of Testing Since instant messaging and cell phone testing has taken over many kids lives, they have become lazy readers. Given the 160 character confines of a standard text message, children are learning to shorten their messages and do away with standard incaution, said Michael Swan on Lovelorn. Com. In the Classroom What this meaner for our high cholers in the classroom is that they no longer have the attention span, nor the patience to do any serious reading. This leads to very lethargic students when it comes time to read in class. Ill- Moments Ana Procedure Questions Yes No Pre-Reader Beginner Advance Professional 1 . Are you interested in reading books 16 Percentage 58% 42% 2. Why? 45% 13% Why not? 15 argental 3 Have you read an 100% 4. What was the reason of reading that book? 8 79% 5. An tents level AT read Ins, winner AAA you thank you Delano? 7 5% The researchers of this study had gathered some data from the Damascus class through interviewing them. Below is the summary of the survey the researchers did. Choices: 2. Why? A. Hobby/entertaining B. Gain more knowledge 4. A. School purposes B. Own interest Why not? A. Boring B. Too lazy The researchers had surveyed the students of Damascus class to know how efficient they are in reading. As a result of the survey, it has been proved that out of 38 correspondents only 22 of them have interests in books having the total percentage AT Wendell 16 AT teem NAS no Interest In reading Dodos navels a total argental of 42%. 45% of these students read books because it has been their habit and they found it very entertaining while 13% read books in order to gain more knowledge and get new ideas. However, those who answered NO were not interested in books having a total percentage of 42%. 0% of this percentage said that they found reading books, boring, while the remaining 2% found it slothful to do. In the question number three, the survey says that all the correspondents from the Damascus class have already read books. 21% of the students read books for school purpose while 79% reasoned that it is their own interest. The level of reading shows how the students rate th emselves according to their levels. It has also been observed that 5% of the students are still in the beginners level; 79% in the intermediate; and 16% claim that they were in the advance level of reading. IV- Results Reading books can help us improve reading skills. This part of the research can give us the overview of the result of the students of IV- Damascus in reading. The researchers have collected data and came up with a result. There are students in the Damascus class who are not interested in reading books because it is boring and lazy thing to do. Based on the survey, 58% of the students are interested in reading books while 42% are not. In the level of reading, 5% are the beginners level while most 79% are the intermediate and 16% are in the Advance level which headed to the professor. However, assistance can be offered to students who are having reading difficulties. As the researchers Procedure, they have found several results for the problem especially in improving the skills of the students. The investigation of this problem had pointed out solutions for those troubled students. Word study is one way of improving reading skills. For those who are booksellers in this section, they can improve their reading ability by continuing their holiday and taking up new challenges and having guidance from an expert. Therefore, It had been cleared that we have solutions to every problem when we think of positive results. V- summary, conclusions, Recommendation Summary: This study was about improving the reading skills of the Fourth Year Damascus class. Based on the data gathered by the researchers, they have found out that almost half of this class have no reading interest but its a good thing that the half of this class loved to read books. Those who show no interest in books have reading problems. The main reason of these students is that for them reading is boring. Environment has something to do with this kind of problem especially cell phones, the text messages that is sent by most of the teenagers were shorten which makes them to be a lazy readers, another is the internet, its true that internet makes the life of the students easy but students are abusing this technology so, whenever they have a project that have something to do with the computer, they Just copy paste them. These students that have no reading interests may think hat there is no chance for them to learn improve this reading skill. But the researchers found out some ways of improving their skills. First, they have to begin with the word study, whenever they read something they should keep on their side a dictionary or a thesaurus that would help them define the meaning of words that are difficult. Another is practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful, outlining, also helps to develop an awareness of the main points and details of a selection. Readers should have desire and interest in this skill because without those factors, the readers will to be able to improve their reading skills. Conclusion Therefore the researcher concluded that different students have different skills in reading. Others are diligent enough while others are lazy that they dont want reading to be their source of ideas, but in this study it can be improve through proper discipline. Recommendation If theres a will, theres a way. One can surpass the problem in reading if the person is willing to learn. The researchers point is to encourage each reader to have a positive thought about reading and to help each other one be good in this skill.

Conjugating Andare in Italian

Conjugating Andare in Italian As people are always going somewhere, â€Å"andare† is an incredibly common verb in Italian, so you’ll want to be very comfortable with conjugating it in all its tenses. What’s more, it’s an irregular verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -are verb ending pattern. Below you’ll find conjugation tables with examples so you can become more familiar with how to use it in everyday conversation. Some definitions of â€Å"andare† include: To goTo travelTo functionTo fit What to know about andare: It’s an intransitive verb, so it does not take a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"andare†.The participio passato is â€Å"andato†.The gerund form is â€Å"andando†.The past gerund form is â€Å"essendo andato†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io vado noi andiamo tu vai voi andate lui, lei, Lei va loro, Loro vanno Esempi: Vanno in piazza, vuoi andare pure tu? - They’re going to the piazza, do you also want to go?Vado a lavoro tutti i giorni tranne la domenica. - I go to work every day except Sunday. Il passato prossimo io sono andato/a noi siamo andati/e tu sei andato/a voi siete andati/e lui, lei, Lei à ¨ andato/a loro, Loro sono andati/e Esempi: Sei andato alla festa di Marco? Com’era? - You went to Marco’s party? How was it?Dove siete andati giovedà ¬ sera? - Where did you (all) go Thursday evening? L’imperfetto io andavo noi andavamo tu andavi voi andavate lui, lei, Lei andava loro, Loro andavano Esempi: Da bambina andavo spesso al mare con la mia famiglia. - When I was a little girl, I often went to the sea with my parents.Mi ricordo che tu andavi spesso a studiare in biblioteca. - I remember you used to go often to study at the library. Il trapassato prossimo io ero andato/a noi eravamo andati/e tu eri andato/a voi eravate andati/e lui, lei, Lei era andato/a loro, Loro erano andati/e Esempi: Eravamo gi andati al mare quando ci siamo resi conto che stava per piovere. - We had already gone to the sea when we realized that it was about to rain.Mi sono ammalata quando tu eri andato in America. - I got ill when you were in the US. Il passato remoto io andai noi andammo tu andasti voi andaste lui, lei, Lei andà ² loro, Loro andarono Esempi: Audrey Hepburn andà ² in Africa per aiutare bambini. - Audrey Hepburn went to Africa to help children.Molti italiani andarono in America in cerca di un lavoro. - Lots of Italians went to the United States looking for a job. Il trapassato remoto io fui andato/a noi fummo andati/e tu fuiste andato/a voi foste andati/e lui, lei, Lei fu andato/a loro, Loro furono andati/e Esempi: Non appena Sophia Loren fu andata a Roma per girare un nuovo film, un’altra compagnia le offrà ¬ un ruolo principale. - Just right after Sophia Loren had gone to Rome to film a new movie another company offered her a principal role.Quando i miei genitori furono andati via, mi misi a dormire. - When my parents had left I fell asleep. TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry about mastering it. You’ll only find it in sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io andrà ² noi andremo tu andrai voi andrete lui, lei, Lei andr loro, Loro andranno Esempi: Andranno al mercato e poi torneranno a casa. - They will be going to the store and then they will return home.Lui andr in Italia fra un mese. - He will be going to Italy in a month. Il futuro anteriore io sarà ² andato/a noi saremo andati/e tu sarai andato/a voi sarete andati/e lui, lei, Lei sar andato/a loro, Loro saranno andati/e Esempi: Maria à ¨ appena partita, sar andata all’universit. - Maria just left, she must have gone to university.Quando saranno andati via, sar molto tranquillo qua. - When they will have gone away, it will be very calm here. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io vada che (noi) andiamo che tu vada che (voi) andiate che lui, lei, Lei vada che (loro, Loro) vadano Esempi: Dubito che vadano a scuola per studiare, oggi c’à ¨ una festa da non perdere al mare. - I doubt they are going to school to study, today there is a must-attend party at the seaside.Spero che andiate a vedere la mostra su Pollok, à ¨ meravigliosa! - I hope you’re going to visit Pollok’s exibition, it’s amazing! Il passato io sia andato/a noi siamo andati/e tu sia andato/a voi siate andati/e lui, lei, Lei sia andato/a loro, Loro siano andati/e Esempi: Penso che siano andati nel posto sbagliato. - I think they went to the wrong place.Ritengo che tu sia andato molto bene nell’ultima interrogazione! - I think you did really well in your last oral test! L’imperfetto io andassi noi andassimo tu andassi voi andaste lui, lei, Lei andasse loro, Loro andassero Esempi: Credevo che andassero a Milano per l’expo. - I thought they went to Milan for the Expo.Pensavo che ci andassimo domani! - I thought we were going there tomorrow! Il trapassato prossimo io fossi andato/a noi fossimo andati/e tu fossi andato/a voi foste andati/e lui, lei, Lei fosse andato/a loro, Loro fossero andati/e Esempi: Se fossimo andati in Italia, avremmo avuto una bella vacanza. - If we had gone to Italy, we would have had a great vacation.Se tu fossi andata alla festa, avresti visto Marco. - If you had gone to the party, you would have seen Marco. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io andrei noi andremmo tu andresti voi andreste lui, lei, Lei andrebbe loro, Loro andrebbero Esempi: Se volessimo fare un viaggio in Spagna, andrebbero con noi? - If we wanted to take a trip to Spain, would they go with us?Se dovessi scegliere, andrei con loro. - If I had to choose, I’d go with them. Il passato io sarei andato/a noi saremmo andati/e tu saresti andato/a voi sareste andati/e lui, lei, Lei sarebbe andato/a loro, Loro sarebbero andati/e Esempi: Sarei andato al mare, perà ² mia madre aveva bisogno del mio aiuto. - I would have gone to the seaside, but my mom needed my help.Saremmo andati in Spagna, perà ² ci hanno detto che non volevano fare un viaggio l. - We would have gone to Spain, but they told us that they didn’t want to take a trip there. IMPERATIVO/IMPERATIVE Presente noi andiamo tu va’, vai voi andate lui, lei, Lei vada loro, Loro vadano Esempi: Va’ a scuola! - Go to school! (informal)Vada dal dentista! - Go the dentist! (formal)

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Media - Essay Example Table of Contents Thesis Statement 2 Introduction 4 Astonishing Effects of Newspapers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Conclusion 5 References 7 Introduction A newspaper is a type of publication, which offers varied types of valuable news and information regarding varied aspects to its customers. It mainly attempts to offer real news to the viewers, so as to make them well aware about the facts and facets of the entire nation and world. On the basis of which, varied types of decisions are taken by the viewers, so as to improve their well-being, resulting in improvement of the country as well. Other than this, the segment of trade and commerce is resting over the economic conditions of the country. Along with this, the decisions of the buyers and shareholders are also entirely dependent over the daily news, advertised in printed hard copies or online website s. Moreover, all types of trade related decisions are always based upon information - that is accurate, substantial, and appropriate. It proves quite beneficial for those individuals, desiring to invest in varied shares and debentures of different companies (Price Water Cooper, â€Å"Moving into multiple business models†). This helps in fulfillment of the inner desires of the heart of most of the entrepreneurs, i.e. to become rich in a very short period of time. It can be possible only if, an individual or an entrepreneur remains aware and conscious about the facts and information, occurring in everyday life, so as to take the accurate planning’s and decisions. It acts as a mirror for all the viewers, providing a fair image of the entire world. Along with this, it also provides a facility to analyse the opinions of varied popular individuals, acting as an intermediary to exchange different ideas and thoughts. Astonishing Effects of Newspapers Just as the proverb, †˜Time and tide wait for none’, similarly good news also never waits for anyone. So, to remain updated with every sort of information or data, it is extremely essential to keep an eye on the online newspaper sites as well. Moreover, its craze increased with a remarkable speed due to the introduction of information technology. It gave an up-thirst to the online websites of newspaper, by enhancing the passion of the viewers over internet. This affected in an optimistic way, augmenting the internal spirits of the enthusiastic and energetic personnel’s to select journalism as their career in future times. Moreover, according to Cole &Harcup, â€Å"newspapers conquer a critical place in human world, acting as a realm of social life† (Cole, P & Harcup, T. â€Å"Newspaper Journalism†). This is because; it offers detail reports about the various places of the world, business opportunities, environment, sports, political scenario and various types of holiday sport s and the economy among others. With the help of this, an individual can attain a complete picture of the entire country, residing in far-away places. Therefore, it might facilitate a country to improve the economic condition of the country as compared to other players of the market. Other only this, it might also facilitate by increasing the number of customers, thereby improving their lifestyle. It is extremely essential for any developed country, to retain and enhance its portfolio day by day, among other countries. Moreover, as most of the